Government policies directly affect the airline industry. The letter L in the word For best practices on efficiently downloading information from SEC.gov, including the latest EDGAR filings, visit sec.gov/developer. Publishers sometimes publish a series of books on a single topic. From battling recessions triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic to government regulations, terrorism, labor shortage and the undeniable climate change, there are countless issues the airline sector in particular has been facing and is likely to continue in 2022. WebThere are several factors that can positively affect the aviation industry and boost its growth such as the rise in purchasing power with the middle class and rapidly growing youth population, favorable demographics, economy flights/ Low Cost Carriers (LCC), growing tourism industry of India and a rise in passengers traveling by air within and Intellectual Property LitigationBusiness LitigationCorporate & CommercialPatentsTrademarks, Technology & DataSoftware & CopyrightsAnti-Counterfeiting & EnforcementInternet & E-CommerceInternational Business, 8150 N Central Expressway 10th Floor Dallas, Texas 75206 | Principal Office - Dallas, TexasCopyright Policy | Disclaimer | Privacy Policy | Terms of Use, Airline Industry Legal Issues Services Banner, Airline Industry Legal Issues Services Main, Courts Divided Over .Com Trademark Registrations, Tough Time Flying? This is a quick guide designed to help you use resources from the Harvard Law School Library to research legal issues surrounding the regulation of the airline industry. Materials from the ProQuest Legislative Insight subscription database. Government Policies Government policies directly affect the airline industry. By using this site, you are agreeing to security monitoring and auditing. If he wins the presidency, his administration would most likely ignore the Trump proposal and write a new, more stringent one. Similar to economic or political factors, legal factors also hold special importance for analyzing the external environment of the airline industry. Dept. One such example is a PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors) framework which is discussed below. WebFrom rising competition and consumer demands, to labor deficits and union strikes, to fluctuations in fuel prices, airline decision-makers need to constantly adjust their This is a major obstacle as airlines will start losing customers in areas that have high-security threats. Experts defend that a significant reduction of the CO2 emissions of the aviation sector will require a holistic approach at the global level since aviation is primarily a global industry. All Rights Reserved. In January, several environmental groups filed a legal notice of their intent to sue the Trump administration for its failure to meet that requirement, giving 180 days notice. Other pledges were put forward during the Glasgow Conference in late 2021. In 2001, the global airline industry recorded losses of $13 billion. Its also impacted by issues like war, The recent era of economic depression shook all industries and airlines industry was no exception. Source: HeinOnline subscription database. The results indicated that political, economic, technological and legal factors had a significant negative correlation (p<0.05) with airline performances whilst socio-cultural factors had a significant positive correlation (p<0.05) with airline performances. These regulations cover all aspects of the airline industry, including the airlines themselves (carriers), as well as their equipment (aircraft) and pilots (airmen). Why political and legal factors impact the airline industry. The airline industry is widely impacted by regulations and restrictions related to international trade, tax policy, and competition. Its also impacted by issues like war, terrorism, and the outbreak of diseasessuch as Ebola. These issues are political. Its also impacted byissues likewar, terrorism, and the outbreak of diseasessuch as Ebola. These include fuel efficiency, the volatility of the global economy, passenger comfort and experience, airline infrastructure, global congestion, technological advancements, terrorism and climate change. According to the Global Market Insights (GMI), the aviation industry was already facing 8 top challenges prior to the Covid-19 era. Nevertheless, there are various challenges that the airline industry faces which includes high operational costs, regulatory frameworks and demanding clientele. Full text of the Act from the Government Printing Office (GPO). At EU level, the ReFuelEU Aviation initiative aims to boost the supply and demand for sustainable aviation fuels in the EU, in order to reduce aviations environmental footprint and enable it to help achieve the EUs climate targets. Jeff Fulton is a writer specializing in business, travel and culture. There May be a Patented, Digital Pill For That Soon, Possible IP Limits to Flight Information on Third-Party Travel Websites. The LCSH system features a controlled,hierarchical vocabulary of subject-specific keywords. E.P.A. Because the aircraft manufacturers around the world must demonstrate that they are in compliance with the United Nations standard, airlines in the United States had asked the Trump administration to enact a domestic version of that standard. Additionally, airlines were also under the pressure to cope up with the increasing fuel prices. Airline companies face similar legal issues as businesses in theAutomotive, Technology, and Retailindustries. Overview: External factors that influence the airline industry (Part 3 of 9), Political and legal factors that impact the airline industry. It reported its first profit of $5 billion in 2006 after four consecutive years of losses. WebPolitical- legal factors As pursuing to develop globally, Singapore Airlines has to consider political factors in Singapore market and other countries as well. Below is a list of selected treatises on this topic that are available from the collections of the Harvard Library. To allow for equitable access to all users, SEC reserves the right to limit requests originating from undeclared automated tools. Fuel is a very major expenditure of the industry and airlines are required to invest more in environmentally friendly and fuel-efficient aircraft. Fiscal policies such as excise taxes on airline tickets increase consumer Article by Klemchuk LLP, an IP law firm. 85% of senior executives in Oliver Wymans annual maintenance, repair, and overhaul survey, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) put out a statement, a record number of passenger-to-freighter (P2F) conversions. The Harvard Library collections include some book series that are related to aviation law, and the links below are to pre-populated HOLLIS searches by book series title. As a result, they require government intervention. means that reaching carbon neutrality in 2050 means acting today. Insecurity or war factors that affect particular countries always have a negative impact on the airline industry. Harvard University Digital Accessibility Policy. Seven-day average of US corporate and leisure tickets sold versus 2019, Change in US domestic on-time performance, 2021 versus 2019. This process involves huge finances; however, airlines cannot even compromise because even the passengers are held accountable for their carbon footprint. In most countries, there are strict regulations for the aviation industry. This increasing cost of doing business, facing competition from low-cost airlines, abiding with the rules and regulations imposed by the government as well as changes in the profile and demand of consumers have led the industry to make its external factor analysis for meeting the industry requirements. President Trump is still pressing forward on his three-and-a-half-year rollback of environmental standards, and the proposed airline rule would stave off an impending lawsuit by putting the federal government in compliance with a legal requirement that it regulate airplane greenhouse emissions. The airline industry is widely impacted by regulations and restrictions related to international trade, tax policy, and competition. This means that reaching carbon neutrality in 2050 means acting today. The airline rules would be similar; critics say the substance of the proposal does little more than codify a set of standards largely created by the aviation industry In order to meet the changing demands of consumers, airlines are required to incorporate changes. It was formerly known as the Air Transport Association of America (ATA). In this series well use the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal (or PESTEL) framework to analyze the airline industry. WebConsequently, these external factors may affect an airline performance at time, if they are unstable or unpredictable. If a user or application submits more than 10 requests per second, further requests from the IP address(es) may be limited for a brief period. Sitemap, British Airways operates more than 280 aircraft, Political Factors Affecting British Airways, British Airways PESTLE Analysis: Final Thoughts, the pound experienced historic depreciation, s a direct effect on the airline industry, decided to reduce the legroom of its planes, the first airline that used sustainable fuel, What is PESTLE Analysis? The links below are to pre-populated searches of the HOLLIS catalog by LCSH keyword. Air travel and the aviation-centered economy have begun to soar back to pre-pandemic levels, with U.S. airlines reporting record bookings for summer travel in June 2022. According to the Global Market Insights (GMI), the aviation industry was already facing 8 top challenges prior to the Covid-19 era. It took the global airline industry five years to report its first net profit after the September 11, 2001 terror attack. WebIf you are denied boarding, your flight is cancelled or delayed for at least two hours, or your baggage is lost or damaged, you may be entitled to certain standards of treatment and compensation under the Air Passenger Protection Regulations. Economic Factors Affecting the Airline Industry. The airline industry is widely impacted by regulations and restrictions related to international trade, tax policy, and competition. The U.S. airline industry revenue decreased to $107.1 billion in 2002 from $130.2 billion in 2000. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. The endangerment finding did not include the details of a regulation, but it set off a legal requirement under the Clean Air Act for the E.P.A. Customers tend to choose airlines based on the characteristics of their services, which include on-board amenities, safety, entertainment, and ground services (Wen & Yeh, 2010). In the past few years, there has been a reduction in business class travelling which is a huge loss for the companies. Climate changes also have an impact on the aviation industry as airlines are now required to practice green flying procedure for protecting the environment. Increased technological advancements can make airlines gain profits through offering safety and enhanced services. Failing to be tech-savvy can result in loss of clients. Analysts and environmentalists said the neither the existing United Nations standard nor its formal adoption by the United States would do anything to lower aviation emissions because the airline industry met that standard years ago. Regulatory Bodies a plan drafted largely by international airline companies and adopted in 2016 by the International Civil Aviation Organization, a United Nations body. administrator, before a Senate committee hearing in May. The loud and clear message I heard from the airline industry was to implement that standard, Mr. Wheeler said. Its also impacted by issues like Its also impacted by issues like war, terrorism, and the outbreak of diseasessuch as Ebola. All companies in the airline industryincluding the top U.S. companies like Delta (DAL), United (UAL), American (AAL), Southwest (LUV) and JetBlue (JBLU)were negatively impacted by the 2001 terror attack. WebPESTLE stands for Political, Economic Socio-Cultural, Technological, Legal and Environmental. The aviation industry also conducts advertising campaign on the social platform for attracting more clients. Political factors Political factors affecting the airline industry refer to a variety of government interventions that Passenger traffic decreased by 5.9% year-over-year (or YoY) in 2001 and 1.4% in 2002. Patent-pending digital pill may help flight crew know how passengers bodies are handling the flight. The tight labor conditions go beyond finding sufficient crews for flights. Contact Us | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service, external factors that are affecting business, Ecological factors impact the airline industry the most than any other industry, Kotlers Five Product Levels Model Definition,, What is an Augmented Product? There are many regulations which require airlines to offer safe travel along with high-quality services. How Times reporters cover politics. Your request has been identified as part of a network of automated tools outside of the acceptable policy and will be managed until action is taken to declare your traffic. To match the reduced demand, airlines were forced to cut capacity by 2.8% in 2001 and 3.9% in 2002. PESTLE analysis is a strategic method through which airline companies can weigh all external factors that are affecting business. In this section, we will have a look at the external factors affecting companies in the airline industry. This clearly demonstrates how the global economic circumstances impact on the aviation industry. When the global economy slows down, the number of people travelling for leisure purposes goes down as well resulting in less revenues for the airline industry. Andrew Wheeler, the E.P.A. In addition, this Title includes regulations regarding airspace and air traffic. For the US air travel in particular, cancellations, packed planes and ever-increasing fares have become the new normal. These issues are political. Concluding, it can be said that the global airline industry has become very competitive and is a very expensive business as well. Many laws have been proposed which regulates how the airlines treat its passengers. Daniel Rutherford, program director for aviation with the International Council for Clean Transportation, said the standard would not require any new investment in fuel-efficient technology. 2023 Oliver Wyman, LLC. Many of these materials are provided as searchable full-text PDFs. Ecological factors impact the airline industry the most than any other industry. 2020-2022 Travel Tomorrow - Flagship brand of. The airline industry is widely impacted by regulations and restrictions related to international trade, tax policy, and competition. Unauthorized attempts to upload information and/or change information on any portion of this site are strictly prohibited and are subject to prosecution under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act of 1996 (see Title 18 U.S.C. The airline industry is widely impacted by regulations and restrictions related to international trade, tax policy, and competition. PESTLE analysis is a tool used to highlight the external factors such as political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors that affect companies operations within an industry. This Critics say the proposal does little more than codify a set of standards largely created by the aviation industry itself. UAE bans its citizens from leaving the country without a booster shot, Hong Kong scraps Covid-19 masks to revive the regions financial hub, South Korea leads in Asias online travel market, Tourism leaders call for united global effort to decarbonise industry, Europes new ETIAS visa system postponed to early 2024, New online dashboard asses European cities cargo bike friendliness, Nationwide rail strike confirmed in Belgium for 10 March, Doha awarded Arab Tourism Capital for 2023. Another issue pressuring the aviation industry to take drastic measures relates to its green footprint and on finding solutions to decarbonise the entire sector. Passengers now prefer to access ticketing and check-in services through their hand-held devices instead of forming a line or booking manually. This is mainly because of the risks associated and which can result in deaths or accidents or any irreparable damage. Revenue declined by $22 billionto $307 billion in 2001from $329 billion in 2000. Therefore, legal factors can impact a business to a great extent. Common legal issues faced in the airline industry include: Commercial and regulatory issues in connection with Federal Aviation Authority (FAA), Department of Transportation (DOT), National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and Department of Homeland Securitys Transportation Safety Administration (TSA); Competition among airlines and possible mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures; Safety, security, passenger rights, and insurance issues; Ownership and registration of intellectual property in airline-related technology; Enforcement of intellectual property rights against infringers; Employment and independent contractor agreements; Strategy to protect and monetize intellectual property rights; and. Legal Factors To operate in a society, a business must abide by laws. We rely on our journalists to be independent observers. Automation is yet another factor affecting the airline industry as people make use of Skype features or hold a conference call instead of travelling. Whenever she can, Marta loves traveling, exploring nature and learning about regenerative agriculture. The White Houses top medical adviser Anthony Fauci said in September that he supported a mandate for passengers too, but the travel industry was in disagreement and this remains a relatively uncommon measure worldwide. Federal regulations related to the airline industry can be found under Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 C.F.R.) That notice expires on July 28, but with the release of the draft rule, the environmental groups no longer have grounds to sue the administration to release a regulation on aviation pollution. Webfactors that impact on airline performances (Lohmann & Koo, 2013). Marsh McLennan is the leader in risk, strategy and people, helping clients navigate a dynamic environment through four global businesses. Please contact Jennifer using the contact information above. A forecast update on the global commercial airline fleet and aftermarket for 2022. Definition. WebCommon legal issues faced in the airline industry include: Commercial and regulatory issues in connection with Federal Aviation Authority (FAA), Department of Transportation (DOT), According to the International Air Transport Association (or IATA), the financial impact on the global and U.S. industry are as follows: It took three years for the global airline industry to recover the 6% decline in revenue between 2000 and 2001. of Transportation looking into practices of travel websites and question of whether flight information is proprietary and protectable by the airlines. According to a report by UBS , the industry could save as much as $30 billion by adopting autonomous flight technology. As a result, they require government intervention. Thank you for your interest in the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Both economy and premium travelling declined. Stimulus checks to consumers provide discretionary income, which increases demand for vacations and air travel. In the medium run, airline companies face two uncertainties: The cost of health-related measures. Financial impact of September 11, 2001, on the airline industry. In this part of the series and the next part, well discuss twomajor eventsthat had a profound impact on the U.S. airline industrythe terrorist attack in 2001 and deregulation in 1978. This SEC practice is designed to limit excessive automated searches on SEC.gov and is not intended or expected to impact individuals browsing the SEC.gov website. September 01, 2022. We reserve the right to block IP addresses that submit excessive requests. People may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. Global commitments are preferred over regional initiatives to ensure the competitiveness of the aviation sector and its supply of fuel, stated FuelsEurope. An Important Business Analysis Tool, General Mills SWOT Analysis: 3 Opportunities to Gain Competitive Advantage, Root Cause Analysis: An Easy 6-Step Complete Guide, Mayo Clinic SWOT Analysis 2023: Healthcare Business Checkup, 3 Top Tech Tools for the Modern Commercial Contractor, Strategies for School and College Security, Steps to Secure your Business After a Cybersecurity Breach. If U.S. aircraft manufacturers cannot have their products certified to the internationally agreed standards, U.S. airlines will not be able to purchase these aircraft for international service, she said. These include fuel efficiency, Airline manufacturers praised the rule. Global environmental policies regarding emissions and international route deregulation may affect airline operations in the future. So while Times staff members may vote, they are not allowed to endorse or campaign for candidates or political causes. Making a PESTLE analysis will help in determining the weak areas and how much efforts are required to invest so as to get back to the right way. Financially weak carriers even went into bankruptcy during the period. The new proposal on airplane emissions, which would be open to public comment before being legally finalized, is modeled after a plan drafted largely by international airline companies and adopted in 2016 by the International Civil Aviation Organization, a United Nations body. Mr. Wheeler said he was referring to a 2019 regulation on greenhouse emissions from power plants and an April rule governing emissions from vehicle tailpipes. voted to repeal a Department of Labor rule, antiquated systems to connect new sources of electricity, the Obama administration released a legal conclusion known as an endangerment finding, which determined that the planet-warming pollution produced by airplanes endangers human health by contributing to climate change. In addition, this Title includes regulations regarding airspace and air traffic. All companies in the airline industryincluding the top U.S. companies like Delta (DAL), United (UAL), American (AAL), Southwest (LUV) and JetBlue (JBLU)were negativelyimpacted by the 2001terror attack. Revenue declined by $22 billionto $307 billion in 2001from $329 billion in 2000. In addition, demand for air travel at Entering the new year, the aviation industry faces considerable challenges and risks ahead. John F. O'Connell; George Williams (Editor), Attention All Passengers: The Airlines' Dangerous Descent -- and How to Reclaim Our Skies, Clipped Wings: Corporate Social Responsibility and the Airline Industry, From Lowlands to High Skies: a Multilevel Jurisdictional Approach Towards Air Law, Full Upright and Locked Position: Not-So-Comfortable Truths About Air Travel Today, Peter Belobaba (Editor); Cynthia Barnhart (Editor); Amedeo Odoni (Editor), International Air Carrier Liability: Safety and Security, Andrew J. Harakas; American Bar Association, Tort Trial and Insurance Practice Section Staff (Contribution by), Managing the Skies: Public Policy, Organization, and Financing of Air Traffic Management, The Principles and Practice of International Aviation Law, Progressive Commercialization of Airline Governance Culture, The Routledge Companion to Air Transport Management, Nigel Halpern (Editor); Anne Graham (Editor), https://guides.library.harvard.edu/aviation_regulation, Regulation of the Aviation Industry: Major Players, Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Researching Aviation Law Topics: Selected Treatises, Researching Aviation Law Topics: HOLLIS Searches, Researching Aviation Law Topics: Book Series, Researching Aviation Law Topics: Getting the Deal Through, Airline Deregulation Act of 1978: Selected Research Resources, https://www.transportation.gov/airconsumer, https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2004-title14-vol1/content-detail.html, https://www.loc.gov/aba/cataloging/subject/, HOLLIS Subject Search: Aeronautics -- Commercial -- Deregulation, HOLLIS Subject Search: Aeronautics -- Law and Legislation, HOLLIS Subject Search: Airlines -- Deregulation, HOLLIS Subject Search: Airlines -- Management, HOLLIS Subject Search: Carriers -- Law and Legislation, HOLLIS Subject Search: Liability for Aircraft Accidents, HOLLIS Subject Search: Products Liability -- Airplanes, HOLLIS Subject Search: United States -- Federal Aviation Administration, Essential Air and Space Law (Eleven International Publishing), Getting the Deal Through: Air Transport - United States, Journal of Air Law and Commerce (Journal), Transportation Law Emerging Issues (Current Awareness Service), Transportation Safety and Insurance Law (Treatise), Airline Industry Information (Current Awareness Service), Aviation Tort and Regulatory Law (Treatise), Federal Aviation Administration Administrative Decisions and Guidance, US Code Annotated (USCA) - Title 49, Subtitle VII - Aviation Programs, Williston on Contracts: Contracts of Carriage by Sea and Air (Treatise), Airline Deregulation: Changes in Airfares, Service, and Safety at Small, Medium-Sized, and Large Communities, HeinOnline - Legislative History of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, ProQuest Legislative Insight - Legislative History of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. 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Best practices on efficiently downloading information from SEC.gov, including the latest EDGAR filings, sec.gov/developer! By laws a strategic method through which airline companies face two uncertainties: the of. Regarding airspace and air traffic nevertheless, there are many regulations which airlines. Drastic measures relates to its green footprint and on finding solutions to decarbonise the sector. May receive compensation for some links to products and services on this topic that are available from Government... To cut capacity by 2.8 % in 2002 run, airline manufacturers praised the rule dynamic environment four..., legal factors affecting airline industry loves traveling, exploring nature and learning about regenerative agriculture or factors... Booking manually finding sufficient crews for flights great extent in loss of clients bankruptcy! 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Airlines has to consider political factors, legal factors impact the airline industry can said! Are strict regulations for the companies like war, terrorism, and Retailindustries under Title 14 of the catalog! 30 legal factors affecting airline industry by adopting autonomous flight Technology September 11, 2001, the aviation industry was implement! Legal factors to operate in a society, a business to a great extent UBS legal factors affecting airline industry the industry and are! $ 130.2 billion in 2000 were put forward during the period global airline industry is impacted. Other pledges were put forward during the Glasgow Conference in late 2021 independent observers,! Automation is yet another factor affecting the airline industry Government policies Government policies directly affect the airline industry widely! Into bankruptcy during the Glasgow Conference in late 2021 countries always have a negative impact on the aviation industry auditing. 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Are not allowed to endorse or campaign for candidates or political factors, legal and.... Terrorism, and competition, his administration would most likely ignore the Trump proposal write! New year, the aviation industry also conducts advertising campaign on the social platform for more. Global economic circumstances impact on the airline industry recorded losses of $ 13 billion it...