[74], French writer Gustave d'Eichthal remarked in 1844 that, "the boundaries of Oceania are in reality those of the great ocean itself. The Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua on the island of New Guinea are home to an estimated 44 uncontacted tribal groups. Find the US States - No Outlines Minefield. See Also: Oceanian countries by Population Population of Asia Population of Africa He wrote in The Globe Encyclopedia of Universal Information that, "literally interpreted, the name would include all the groups from Sumatra to the Galpagos, together with Australia. The population of Australia in 2022 was 26,177,413, a 0.99% increase from 2021. [16] Most Oceanian countries are multi-party representative parliamentary democracies, with tourism being a large source of income for the Pacific Islands nations. Mr. Darwin has, for instance, adducted them as an illustration of the fact that such islands are inhabited by plants and animals closely allied to those of the nearest mainland, without actually being the same. The information shown follows sources in cross-referenced articles; where sources differ, provisos have been clearly indicated. [409] The Hawaiian religion is polytheistic and animistic, with a belief in many deities and spirits, including the belief that spirits are found in non-human beings and objects such as animals, the waves, and the sky. [150][151] In terms of marine fauna, Clipperton shares similarities with areas of the Pacific which are much farther removed from the Americas. Germany established colonies in New Guinea in 1884, and Samoa in 1900. The Pacific theatre saw major action during the Second World War, mainly between Allied powers the United States, Philippines (a U.S. Commonwealth at the time) and Australia, and Axis power Japan. As of 1 July 2021, the population of Asia is projected at almost 4.68 billion or 4,680 million or 4,679,660,580 people. PopulationPyramid.net Pirmides Populacionais do Mundo desde 1950 at 2100. These countries have considerable influence inAsianmarkets . Sugar exports and the growing tourist industry are the major sources of foreign exchange. Fewer than 6.5 million in all, the peoples of Oceania possess a vast repository of cultural traditions and ecological adaptations. Oceania is a collective name for the islands scattered throughout most of the Pacific Ocean. Contact between Austronesian and Papuan resulted in several instances in mixed languages such as Maisin. Oceania is a geographical area that comprises of Australia- the smallest continent in terms of the total land area and also comprises of thousands of islands across the central and south Pacific Ocean. Part 1: Australia and Oceania, German herpetologist Klaus Henle referred to the area as the Pacific region, and defined it as covering Australia, New Zealand and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. [356][357] The economy diversified and by 2008, tourism had become the single biggest generator of foreign exchange. [148][149] From the early 20th century to 2007, the island was administratively part of French Polynesia, which itself was known as French Oceania up until 1957. Oceania. In Tonga, everyday life is heavily influenced by Polynesian traditions and especially by the Christian faith. [29] John Eperjesi's 2005 book The Imperialist Imaginary: Visions of Asia and the Pacific in American Culture says that it has "been used by western cartographers since the mid-19th century to give order to the complexities of the Pacific area. The plate contains an interior hot spot forming the Hawaiian Islands. Most of them have little economic or political importance." [53][54] In a 1991 article for the Submerged Resources Center, American archeologist Toni L. Carrell wrote, "the immensity of and great distances within the Pacific Basin often make it difficult to conceptualize the basin as a single earth feature." [18][19][7] The broadest definition of Oceania encompasses the many islands between mainland Asia and the Americas;[6][20][21] The island nation of Australia is the only piece of land in the area which is large enough to typically be considered a continent. In all of Oceania, only the former British colonies of Australia and New Zealand have Westerndemocratic governments, although Samoa, Vanuatu, and Tonga also exhibit stable republics. The Indonesia subdivision consisted of the islands of the Malay archipelago, while the non-tropical islands were categorized as being North Pacific islands such as Alaska's Kodiak archipelago, the Aleutian Islands, Japan, the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. APT Satellite is a leading satellite operator in Asia-Pacific. Australia and New Zealand collectively contain more than 30 million people, which is nearly three quarters of the entire population of Oceania. The old categories have been in use since they were proposed in 1832 by French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville. Sydney (pop. Oceania, in its most restricted meaning, includes more than 10,000 islands, with a total land area (excluding Australia but including Papua New Guinea and New Zealand) of approximately 317,700 square miles (822,800 square km). A company of Australians and a British warship besieged the Germans and their colonial subjects, ending with a German surrender. It is here that James Cook made first contact with an aboriginal tribe known as the Gweagal. Cultural customs such as the Samoa 'ava ceremony are significant and solemn rituals at important occasions including the bestowal of matai chiefly titles. The Refaluwasch or Carolinian people came to the Marianas in the 1800s from the Caroline Islands. Population of Asia (0.83%), South America (0.81%) and North America (0.76%) are increasing with almost similar rate. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Meanwhile, New Zealand has hosted the Commonwealth Games three times: Auckland 1950, Christchurch 1974 and Auckland 1990. What is the population of USA? [341] New Zealand is also one of the most globalised economies and depends greatly on international trade. "[147], In Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands: A Comprehensive Guide (2013), George R. Zug claimed that "a standard definition of Oceania includes Australia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, and New Zealand and the oceanic islands of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia." [324] Furthermore, 36 percent of the population reported having been born overseas, with top countries being Italy, Lebanon, Vietnam and Iraq, among others. [259], The aptly named Pacific kingfisher is found in the Pacific Islands,[261] as is the Red-vented bulbul,[262] Polynesian starling,[263] Brown goshawk,[264] Pacific Swallow[265] and the Cardinal myzomela, among others. Australia and New Zealand have diversifiedeconomies, with a strong presence in the area of services and the primary sector (production), since between the two countries they account for 40% of the worlds sheep. The most inclusivebut not always the most usefulembraces about 25,000 land areas between Asia and the Americas. List of continents by gdp per capita. [208] Moreover, a recent study which included radiocarbon dates from what is thought to be very early material suggests that the island was discovered and settled as recently as 1200.[209]. [36][37] In his 1879 book Australasia, British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace commented that, "Oceania is the word often used by continental geographers to describe the great world of islands we are now entering upon" and that "Australia forms its central and most important feature. Tourists mostly come from Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. As an island archipelago New Zealand accumulated bird diversity and when Captain James Cook arrived in the 1770s he noted that the bird song was deafening. In Kiribati, a Parliamentary regime, the President of Kiribati is the head of state and government, and of a multi-party system. 2,142 live births average per day (89.27 in an hour) or a child in every 40.33 seconds, 837 deaths average per day (34.87 in an hour) or one death in every 103.25 seconds, 598 immigrants average per day (24.92 in an hour) or an immigrant in every 144.46 seconds, 22,164,486 females as of 31 December 2022. Oceania, group of islands in the North Pacific Ocean, southeast of the Philippines. [386] A parliamentary general election must be called no later than three years after the previous election. The Mori people constitute one of the major cultures of Polynesia. At c. 1200 CE, the people of Pohnpei, a Micronesian island, would embark on another megalithic construction, building Nan Madol, a city of artificial islands and a system of canals. [38] The Oxford Handbook of World History (2011) describes the areas encompassed in Oceania as being "afterthoughts in world history texts, lumped together and included at the end of global surveys as areas largely marginal to the main events of world history". Although the majority of the Oceanian islands lie in the South Pacific, a few of them are not restricted to the Pacific Ocean Kangaroo Island and Ashmore and Cartier Islands, for instance, are situated in the Southern Ocean and Indian Ocean, respectively, and Tasmania's west coast faces the Southern Ocean. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Thehighest mountainon the continent is located in New Guinea and isMount Jaya at 4,884 meters above sea level. [14] Oceania was first explored by Europeans from the 16th century onward. Their language was named after them. Webster broke Oceania up into two subdivisions; the continental group, which included Australia, the Japanese archipelago, the Malay archipelago and Taiwan, and the oceanic group, which included New Zealand and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. In 2022 the population of Oceania was 43,451,000 and the average age increased from 29.6 in 1960 to 35.9. [403], Australia is also known for its cafe and coffee culture in urban centres. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part . [317][318] Prince Philip Movement is followed around Yaohnanen village on the southern island of Tanna in Vanuatu.[319][320]. [184][183], Indigenous Australians are the original inhabitants of the Australian continent and nearby islands who migrated from Africa to Asia c. 70,000 years ago[185] and arrived in Australia c. 50,000 years ago. The main produce from the Pacific is copra or coconut, but timber, beef, palm oil, cocoa, sugar, and ginger are also commonly grown across the tropics of the Pacific. In the financial year 2014/15, tourism represented 3% of Australia's GDP contributing A$47.5 billion to the national economy. Between c. 3000 and 1000 BCE, speakers of Austronesian languages began spreading from Taiwan into Island South-East Asia,[200][201][202] as tribes whose natives were thought to have arrived through South China c. 8,000 years ago to the edges of western Micronesia and on into Melanesia. The main continental landmass of Oceania is Australia.[1]. [215], In 1789, the mutiny on the Bounty against William Bligh led to several of the mutineers escaping the Royal Navy and settling on Pitcairn Islands, which later became a British colony. In 2011, Hawaii saw increasing arrivals and share of foreign tourists from Canada, Australia, and China increasing 13%, 24% and 21% respectively from 2010. [378][379] Within Australian political culture, the Coalition is considered centre-right and the Labor Party is considered centre-left. "[137] In his 2002 book Oceania: An Introduction to the Cultures and Identities of Pacific Islanders, Andrew Strathern excluded Okinawa and the rest of the Ryukyu Islands from his definition of Oceania, but noted that the islands and their indigenous inhabitants "show many parallels with Pacific island societies. Ben Finney, The Other One-Third of the Globe. Papua New Guinea Raja Ampat, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia. Wallis and Futuna Islands would have the lowest population growth rate of -1.35%, which is also the lowest in the world. [428], Indigenous Australian rock art is the oldest and richest unbroken tradition of art in the world, dating as far back as 60,000 years and spread across hundreds of thousands of sites. Nine countries have a growth rate above 1%. Yearly Change: For 2019: absolute change in total population (increase or decrease in number of people) over the last year (from July 1, 2018 to June 30 2019). [110][111] The book The World and Its Peoples: Australia, New Zealand, Oceania (1966) asserts that, "Japan, Taiwan, the Aleutian Islands, Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia [and] the Pacific archipelagos bordering upon the Far East Asian mainland are excluded from Oceania", and that "all the islands lying between Australia and the Americas, including Australia, are part of Oceania. Australia and New Zealand were grouped together by Flick as Australasia, and categorized as being in the same area of the world as the islands of Oceania. [125][124] Hainan, which neighbors Taiwan, also has Austronesian ethnolinguistic origins, although it was not included in the book. The first migration of Australo-Melanesians took place c. 40 to 80 thousand years ago, and these migrants, Papuans, colonised much of Near Oceania. [218] On 24 September 1853, under orders from Napoleon III, Admiral Febvrier Despointes took formal possession of New Caledonia and Port-de-France (Nouma) was founded 25 June 1854. Oceania thus has the most to lose, culturally speaking, from the pressures of global political and economic change. The Population and Public Health Branch ensures that core public health . Taon, Paul S.C. (2001). "[93] Hutton Webster's 1919 book Medieval and Modern History also considered Oceania to encompass all islands in the Pacific, stating that, "the term Oceania, or Oceanica, in its widest sense applies to all the Pacific Islands." Auckland and Wellington are frequently ranked among the world's most liveable cities, with Auckland being ranked first in the world according to the Global Liveability Ranking. Other Austronesian areas such as Indonesia and the Philippines were not included, due to their closer cultural proximity to mainland Asia. Micronesian colonists gradually settled the Marshall Islands during the 2nd millennium BCE, with inter-island navigation made possible using traditional stick charts.[199]. A second island type formed of coral is the uplifted coral platform, which is usually slightly larger than the low coral islands. [121] The 2007 book Asia in the Pacific Islands: Replacing the West, by New Zealand Pacific scholar Ron Crocombe, defined the term "Pacific Islands" as being islands in the South Pacific Commission, and stated that such a definition "does not include Galpagos and other [oceanic] islands off the Pacific coast of the Americas; these were uninhabited when Europeans arrived, then integrated with a South American country and have almost no contact with other Pacific Islands." New Zealand's economy is the 53rd-largest in the world measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP) and 68th-largest in the world measured by purchasing power parity (PPP). Population The indigenous population in the numerous economic and habitat areas of Oceania is steadily declining. Oceania was first explored by Europeans from the 16th century onward. The linked map below shows the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) of the islands of Oceania and neighbouring areas, as a guide to the following table (there are few land boundaries that can be drawn on a map of the Pacific at this scale). The demographic table below shows the subregions and countries of geopolitical Oceania. The islands of the North Pacific, such as the Aleutians and the Kuriles, usually are excluded. High islands are of volcanic origin, and many contain active volcanoes. Urban Population: Population living in areas classified as urban according to the criteria used by each country. 200 million. The campaign to take Samoa ended without bloodshed after over 1,000 New Zealanders landed on the German colony. Some also theorize that Indigenous Australians are related to the Ainu people, who are the original inhabitants of Japan's Hokkaido, the Kuril Islands and the southern part of Sakhalin. The term, in its widest sense, embraces the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas. Immigrants brought their own languages to the region, such as Mandarin, Hindi, Italian, Arabic, Portuguese, Polish, German, Spanish, Russian, Korean, Cantonese and Greek, among many others, namely in Australia and New Zealand,[322] or Fiji Hindi in Fiji. Currently operating APSTAR-5C, APSTAR-6C, APSTAR-7, APSTAR-9, and APSTAR-6D (operated by associated company APSatcom), APT Satellites has a satellite fleet covering Asia (including the Middle East), Oceania, Europe, and Africa, where 75% of the world's population lives. It includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Copyright Worldometers.info - All rights reserved -, World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision, The population density in Oceania is 5 per Km, The total land area is 8,486,460 Km2 (3,276,639 sq. It was politically associated with Australia and Tasmania by 1870. [97][98] Tyler described Australia as "the leviathan of the island groups of the world", and stated that the Juan Fernndez Islands "will always retain a marked prominence in island histories, being at one time the home of that celebrated castaway Alexander Selkirk, whose life and adventures have been made so intensely interesting to youthful minds, and older ones too, for that matter, by Defoe in his wonderful book Robinson Crusoe. Olney divided up Oceania into three groups; Australasia (which included Australia, New Guinea and New Zealand), Malesia and Polynesia (which included the combined islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia in his definition). Since 1788, the primary influence behind Australian culture has been Anglo-Celtic Western culture, with some Indigenous influences. Tonga. Since 1945, more than 7 million people have settled in Australia. Easter Island and the Galpagos Islands were defined by James as falling within the organization's geographical parameters. Description . ", "Subnational population estimates (RC, SA2), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2022 (2022 boundaries)", "Subnational population estimates (TA, SA2), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2022 (2022 boundaries)", "Subnational population estimates (urban rural), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2022 (2022 boundaries)", Christianity in its Global Context, 19702020 Society, Religion, and Mission, "Background Notes Australia, Fiji, Kiribati, Malaysia, Micronesia, New Zealand, Samoa", "2018 Census totals by topic national highlights", "Prince Philip: the unlikely but willing Pacific deity | Prince Philip", "Prince Philip: The Vanuatu tribes mourning the death of their "god" - BBC News", "Main Features Cultural Diversity in Australia", "Census 2016: Migrants make a cosmopolitan country", "Immigration chronology: selected events 18402008", "2013 Census QuickStats about culture and identity data tables", "California's Hispanic population projected to outnumber white in 2014", "Maternal History of Oceania from Complete mtDNA Genomes: Contrasting Ancient Diversity with Recent Homogenization Due to the Austronesian Expansion", "BBC: First contact with isolated tribes? Further excluded are East Timor and Indonesian New Guinea/Western New Guinea, areas which are biogeographically or geologically associated with the Australian landmass. At around the same time, art began to appear in New Guinea, including the earliest examples of sculpture in Oceania. [405] The first settlers introduced British food to the continent, much of which is now considered typical Australian food, such as the Sunday roast. Some were used in magic, others to increase animal populations for hunting, while some were simply for amusement. [282], To the southwest of the region, in the Australian landmass, the climate is mostly desert or semi-arid, with the southern coastal corners having a temperate climate, such as oceanic and humid subtropical climate in the east coast and Mediterranean climate in the west. Tourism has been promoted, in part, by Vanuatu being the site of several reality-TV shows. [291] Pohnpei of the Senyavin Islands in Micronesia is the wettest settlement in Oceania, and one of the wettest places on earth, with annual recorded rainfall exceeding 7,600mm (300in) each year in certain mountainous locations. Oceania was first explored by Europeans from the 16th century onwards. [64][123][321] There are also Creoles formed from the interaction of Malay or the colonial languages with indigenous languages, such as Tok Pisin, Bislama, Chavacano, various Malay trade and creole languages, Hawaiian Pidgin, Norfuk, and Pitkern. [345], Mercer Quality of Living Survey ranks Sydney tenth in the world in terms of quality of living,[346] making it one of the most livable cities. Updates? The term Oceania is usually used to denote the region . February 21, 2022 by Admin. Although it is mostly ocean and spans many continental plates, Oceania is occasionally listed as one of the continents. [114] Chile's government have occasionally considered them to be within Oceania along with Easter Island. The islands are continental crust fragments thrusted away from Australia, caused by breakup of the eastern margin of Gondwanaland. In the tropical and subtropical Pacific, the El Nio Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects weather conditions. Oceania's subregions of Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia cover two major plates; the Australian Plate (also known as the Indo-Australian Plate) and the Pacific Plate, in addition to two minor plates; the Nazca Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate. [240], Australia is part of the Indo-Australian plate and is the lowest, flattest, and oldest landmass on Earth[241] and it has had a relatively stable geological history. They were proposed in 1832 by French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville and contain... Called no later than three years after the previous election instances in mixed languages such as the Gweagal by explorer... 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