0000010851 00000 n The current awareness of the Warrigal Creek massacre stems largely from the writing of the self-published historian Peter Gardner, who contends that his work represents currently accepted history. They murdered, according to Gippslander, 150 at Warrigal Creek, which would make it one of the largest known massacres of Aborigines in Australian history.[36]. The newspapers indicate that the murder was not an isolated event and occurred within a wider context of anarchy and violence involving the Kurnai and the convicts. Gardner claims it is a secondary source but it is, at best, folk history that he has embroidered with his own fiction about McMillan. This was the cause of great enmity among the surviving Bunurong. Personally, it,s hard to know who to believe, such is my lack of confidence. Produced and directed by Andrew Dodd and Lisa Gye. Please note and use or adapt the following words. The Author at Warrigal Creek 2016. The attack on the Brataualung people camped at Warrigal Creek was one of several incidents resulting in loss of life among the Gunai Kurnai people. Bell stated: The historic pen of Victorian settlement would paint with truth the horrors of many a scene of Gipps Land life; it was in 1843 that the aggressions of the blacks were so frequent. 0000030698 00000 n endobj Warrigal Creek is the site of an 1843 massacre in of Gunai/Kurnai people in colonial Victoria, during the Australian frontier wars. News; Warrigal Creek doco at the Memo. He was joined by detachments of the Border and Native Police. Gardners work has hints of Marxist reductionism, where the Kurnai are portrayed as living in an Arcadian economy that was destroyed by the expansionary capitalism of the land-hungry squatters. 0000001456 00000 n His words continue to have influence and have provided a convenient but misplaced source of outrageand how does the community benefit from having negative sentiments engendered on a false premise? To date, there is nothing to suggest that it will include Angus McMillan leading the Charge of the Highland Brigade. Those who came in chains, those who fled famine, those who fled or survived genocide and war and its consequences. Because to move forward we must acknowledge our past. Messrs. Pearson and Cunninghame have been the latest sufferers by those cannibals; it is not only the stock they kill we feel the loss of, but running the remainder off their runs, and the expense the proprietors are put to in collecting their cattle, and procuring guns and ammunition for everyone engaged in their employment.[22]. The Warrigal Creek Massacre, a documentary exploring the history of colonisation in Gippsland in the 1800s, is screening at the Memo in Healesville on Wednesday 27 February at 6:45pm. [11] The violent response from the Kurnai was the same as that meted out to their tribal enemies when defending their territory. 0000002096 00000 n Welcome to you all., Read Quadrant online or as a printed magazine Starting at $88.00 a year. We are here to help! 0001031115 00000 n Advice: This page does not contain images of people who have died. <<6C2049F009130640B9B98E7F057F832E>]/Prev 1164416/XRefStm 1766>> startxref This changed with the arrival of Tyers, who told La Trobe: The run-away Convicts, and other bad characters with which the District was infested a few months ago have, I believe been nearly all driven out by the system of surveillance pursued by the Border Police, acting under my instructions.[29]. In Chapter 4, he gives another rendition of the Gippslander story, stating the massacre was lead [sic] by McMillan. 0000033752 00000 n Hoddinott said that more than 100 Aboriginal people were killed on that day. Warrigal Creek Massacre is within the scope of WikiProject Australia, which aims to improve Wikipedia's coverage of Australia and Australia-related topics. ktp33#`r[vhJ hR,t%434qrZQ7z [6=ViWy|4X$l`DvNk#F/W/kO>{Z_:/\ 'lrgQvFY+fGQ 4\y~QVG[\^aeiQ>mx2k |#R[?#5M. The other was a little older; he made his escape up the creek by swimming and diving. Viki Sinclair, another member of the group who is descended from a member of McMillans Highland Brigade, says: Its the first time around here that the Aboriginal groups came across with groups like ours to work on something like this and it was something important to tackle and do together. Gardner omitted a part of the quote that indicates Hatcher travelled to Gippsland with a man named Bennett. Home News Warrigal Creek doco at the Memo. The Commissariat let annual tenders for the supply of fresh meat and other staples. 2020, Cnr. 6 0 obj endobj If you would like to participate, visit the project page. 0000030150 00000 n First though, it is necessary to establish the circumstances that led to the European settlement of Gippsland and the resulting conflict with the indigenous Kurnai people, which is the root of the massacre story. Like Dunderdale and Thomas, he did not mention a mythical Highland Brigade and he was clearly not constrained by Gardners imaginary secrecy. And when Gippsland comes to terms with what happened, and why it happened, theres an opportunity to talk much better about that history.. Purchase tickets, Word of the murder was sent to Lachlan Macalister. 0001000963 00000 n Still from the Warrigal Creek Documentary produced by Swinburne University Introduction On 30 December 2020 Quadrant published an article entitled "The Warrigal Creek Massacre: True Story or Apocryphal?" by Wayne Caldow1, which was a general attack on my work and in particular on the Warrigal Creek massacre. His alleged role in the massacre is a construct entirely of Gardners own making, where he attached McMillans name to the Gippslander story without revealing this to his readers. Coincidentally or not, the Australasian newspaper published stories between 1923 and 1925 with a one-eyed Aboriginal character named Bing-eye; the term club foot was ubiquitous. 0000002733 00000 n The area of Nuntin is on the western side of the Avon and was shown in a survey map of 1857. Robinson was also attempting to do the same, although by a different route. E lizabeth Balderstone leads a lifestyle that many city dwellers fantasise about, on a farm in Victoria's Gippsland, surrounded by friendly sheep, with a humble little creek just 60 metres from. Smith Street and Albert Street, Warragul, 3820, VIC, AU. Ranald Macalister was the nephew of Lachlan Macalister and the fifth European to be murdered by the Kurnai. An independent expedition from Melbourne to Corner Inlet in the barque Singapore in the same year led to the discovery of the mouths of the Albert and Tarra rivers. Oh how I wished I had written down the stories my grandmother used to regale us with. The historical record of this conflict up to 1843 is sparse and consists of just a few newspaper reports. I welcome you all to (insert place name). Drawing on official archives and oral histories that have never died, this is the story of The Warrigal Creek Massacre. LGMedia. The mainland squatters wanted a share of this market and the Van Diemens Land butchers with Commissariat contracts needed to obtain livestock at the lowest price possible. There is now a documentary on the Warrigal Creek Massacre, near Woodside, north of Yarram. In July 1843, up to 150 Gunaikurnai people were killed near the banks of what is now known as Warrigal Creek. Howitt noted that the Kurnai killed by the Europeans were mostly, though not all, fighting men of the tribe. Considering that Gardner has political motives and a disdain for objectivity, his work should perhaps be seen as a political campaign rather than as history. He has attached his own assertions to his source material without distinguishing between them, and these assertions are made without proof or explanation. stream Rather, his involvement is presented as a fait accompli. We acknowledge the Traditional Custodians of the land on which we meet and work. However, Thomas, Hatcher and Meyrick did not mention Warrigal Creek as Gardner claimsand they certainly did not mention McMillan. 27 May - 3 June. 0000015443 00000 n He was hit in the eye by a slug, captured by the whites, and made to lead the 'brigade' from one camp to another.". 0000116911 00000 n In July 1843, a European named Ronald Macalister was killed by First Nations men near Port Albert, in Victoria. ]V)cxN:*e%{ZXi8C -[Y1d-ZZ. He calls them The McMillan Massacres. 0001064365 00000 n Could you help us please? They will be immediately recommended to interested users. He wrote a number of reports on the state of Gippsland to his superior, Charles La Trobe, the Superintendent of the Port Phillip District. Gardner regards tribal warfare as a myth.[18]. These stories contain the earliest known account of a massacre as revenge for the death of Macalister. Men, women and children are shot whenever they can be met with I have protested against it at every station I have been in Gippsland, in the strongest language, but these things are kept very secret as the penalty would certainly be hanging. [citation needed] The group of Gaelic-speaking Scotsmen was known as the "Highland Brigade". [41] The conspiracy of secrecy is used to explain why Hoddinott probably with good reason, chose to remain anonymous, as the account implicated Angus McMillan as the leader of this murderous retaliation. endobj 0001064309 00000 n the Warrigal Creek massacre - possibly even a participant in it 10. I knew two blacks, who though wounded came out of the hole alive. Second, Hatcher arrived in Gippsland several months after Tyers, so it was just a tad late to be a cover-up. share events with your friends and make the most out of every experience. HLWKf_e|~JD,@K&HSU}t?nO?7OWO?zW_/Vew}V53VfyKwVh{OM5{=+JUwPfQ}-nXY34lMXGz+{? endobj I sometimes feel scared that there seems to be such an ugly resistance to understanding our past, she says. Runaways from the settlers, and others have located themselves in some vacated huts on the Tara River, rendering it dangerous for passengers to approach this neighbourhood Your Excellency cannot for the sake of humanity, good government, well-being, and the safety of this district, much longer withhold from us the protection of those laws which we have a right to demand at your Excellencys hands [21]. Light refreshments will be available. He was hit in the eye by a slug, captured by the whites, and made to lead the brigade from one camp to another. 0000005571 00000 n This National Reconciliation week, reflect on the hidden history of the 1843 massacre of the Gurnaikurnai people at Warrigal Creek. According to Gardner, the Warrigal Creek massacre was revenge for his murder. x]xG)mIq$hpwwR+VKqPMps^63.ffv>Y ?hiO#'FZ@&.JGr4O,D5nHEK{GDs ,2fspcd88qpB[V,4~nfrpe8,$Y}i{rq]v9sl{3g &6mBRii&"0k2dZNPR5foHWJcJWLlel+_0d)[Vs[ ])[UJT+Wd41 Gary Foley's Koori History Website http://www.kooriweb.org/foley/indexb.html Kevin Gilbert, Because a . Gardner cites other versions of the death of Macalister and the massacre to build his narrative, all based on Gippslander or otherwise post-Dunderdale. [60] Dunderdales geography was correct and it is just possible he knew who he was referring to, given that he arrived in the district just twenty-six years after the event he describedwell within living memory. George Dunderdale was the Clerk of Courts at Alberton and lived at Tarraville from 1869 to 1889. The Scottish colonist and pastoralist, Angus McMillan, led a group of around 20 colonists to attack and kill several groups of Aboriginal people across a number of days. The quote from Robinson is from Gardners book, Through Foreign Eyes; he says Robinson was incorrect to blame the convicts, because The hostile collisions that occurred following the murder of Macalister and others in Gippsland were carried out by the squatters and their employees.[31] This correction suggests that Gardner entirely overlooked the substance and significance of Robinsons observations. [32] Gardners work has been influential and generally unquestioned. Historian Peter Gardner, in a review of all accounts of the massacre, wrote that MacMillan and the Highland Brigade aimed to wipe out all the Aboriginal people in the area. Gunaikurnai people continue to visit the land to pay their respects. [42] Elsewhere he states that Hoddinotts desire to remain anonymous would seem to indicate that the telling of the story may have had undesirable repercussions. [10] Caldow (2012) p.25; Caldow W (2010) The early livestock trade between Gippsland and Van Diemens Land: insights from Patrick Coady Buckleys journal of 1844. One was a boy at the time about 12 or 14 years old. % Perhaps the most revealing example of Gardners influence is Cal Flynns Thicker Than Water, in which McMillan is denounced by his own descendant. Gardner, Peter, 'The Warrigal Creek massacre', Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, pp. Some of the tale also bears a resemblance to accounts of the Hospital Creek massacre in New South Wales that emerged between 1911 and 1919, in which the survivor was a one-eyed Aborigine. We wish to pay respect to Elders past, present and emerging. Gardner himself refers to Nuntin as the station established by McMillan for Macalister on western side of the Avon River in October 1840. I think the first thing for Gippsland is to acknowledge that it does have that history, like other places where bad things have happened, where massacres have occurred, where theres some acknowledgement of whats occurred instead of masking it, a Gurnaikurnai elder, Doris Paton, told the film-makers Andrew Dodd and Lisa Gye. >> Gardner claimsincorrectlythat Thomas was aware of the circumstances of the Warrigal Creek massacre, as he had recorded the details of it on two separate occasions. [6], In contrast, there is an implicit assumption in Gardners work that the Kurnai were passive victims of European violence, but this does not do them justice. endobj Just before European settlement, the Kurnai raided as far as Brighton and Arthurs Seat on Port Phillip Baya distance of at least 120 kilometres as the crow fliesand they are believed to have wiped out about half of the Bunurong. 0000020785 00000 n Around 60 Indigenous Australians were killed, and many more were wounded. 0000034566 00000 n 0000117691 00000 n Home; News; Entertainment; Sport; Galleries; Competitions; . [22] Sydney Morning Herald 15 April 1844, p. 4; the article appears to have Lachlan Macalisters turn of phrase. Unfortunately, in Gippsland, his diatribe against McMillan has been conflated with issues such as Reconciliation and Black Lives Matter. [45] Australasian 15 September 1923 p. 55; 31 January 1925; Glen Innes Examiner 31 August 1911 p. 6; Smiths Weekly 12 April 1919, p. 15, [47] Gardner (1990) Our Murdering Founding Father, Ngarak Press, Ensay, p. 40, [51] Stephens, Margeurita, transcribed from the journal of William Thomas; cited on Peter Crowleys website Snow on the Jeeralangs, [52]Adams, John (1990) From These Beginnings, Alberton Shire Council, Yarram, p. 21, [54] Tyers, Charles 1859 Submission to the Select Committee on Aborigines, Government Printer, Melbourne, p.77, [56] Gippsland Times 24 June 2020 (on-line edition), [57] Dunderdale, George (1898) The Book of the Bush, Ward Locke, London, pp.214- 215, [60] County Lands in the Parishes of Bundalaguah and Nuntin, 1857, W T Dawson, District Surveyor, on-line copy, NLA. Required fields are marked *. Can only find the trailer. No reason was given for the murder. I have seen somewhere that this version of the. This letter indicates that the Kurnai were still harrying the squatters the year after the massacre is believed to have occurredthere was conflict with the Kurnai before and after the murder of Macalister. <> [4][1], Despite the widespread belief that MacMillan led several massacres, as of 2021[update] there are over 12 monuments in the Gippsland region dedicated to him. The second piece of evidence from Thomas is the record of his conversation with the Gippsland squatter Henry Meyrick in January 1847. The culture of secrecy surrounding the massacres was evident in Willy Hoddinotts account (as an anonymous Gippslander) published in the Gap magazine more than 80 years later: .css-cumn2r{height:1em;width:1.5em;margin-right:3px;vertical-align:baseline;fill:#C70000;}The brigade coming up to the blacks camped around the waterhole at Warrigal Creek surrounded them and fired into them, killing a great number, some escaped into the scrub, others jumped into the waterhole, and, as fast as they put their heads up for breath, they were shot until the water was red with blood. The squatters were no doubt imbued with the belief that they had the right to do so on the authority of the British Crown, which claimed sovereignty over the entire continent. This mass murder was committed by early colonists Angus McMillan and the Highland Brigade. Bookings free, but essential. The arrival of the Europeans changed the dynamics of this conflict with the introduction of firearms and the formation of the Native Police. Following the murder, Lachlan Macalister wrote a letter to Governor Sir George Gipps via the Sydney Morning Herald in which he implicated the governor for the state of anarchy in Gippsland due to the lack of official protection. Their territory extended along the coast from Cape Liptrap in the west to Point Hicks in the east, and inland to the Great Dividing Range in the north. Gardner is dismissive, claiming that Some parts of this account are definitely wrong on the basis that Dunderdale referred to Macalister of Nuntin. If the problem persists contact Customer Support. The aim of this article is to examine Gardners interpretation of the Warrigal Creek massacre story and his accusations against McMillan. Intertribal warfare was endemic in the region with raid and counter raid where men, women and children were slaughtered as they slept, and then eaten. My late husbands family had owned the property since the late 1880s and my father-in-law was a very passionate historian, she says. Much has been written about the massacre of Aboriginal people that is believed to have occurred at Warrigal Creek in Gippsland in 1843. 2 0 obj If a historical narrative is to be used as the basis for debate or action in the public sphere, it should be grounded in non-partisan, objective research and analysis. [11] Sydney Morning Herald 6 September 1843, p.2, [13] Port Phillip Patriot 23 December 1841, p. 3, [15] Fels, Marie Hansen (2010) I Succeeded Once: The Aboriginal Protectorate on the Mornington Peninsula 1839-1840 , ANU E-Press, pp 249-271, [16] See also: George Henry Haydon (1846) Five Years Experience in Australia Felix pp151-152 (on-line edition), [17] Port Phillip Gazette 30 April 1845 p.2, [18] Gardner, P D (2005) The Myth of Tribal Warfare On-line essay, [20] Geelong Advertiser 5 August 1843, p.2, [21] Sydney Morning Herald 6 September 1843, p.2. The question posed at the start of this article was whether Gardners Warrigal Creek massacre story should be seen as historical fact or an apocryphal tale. This mass murder was committed by early colonists Angus McMillan and the Highland Brigade. %%EOF The Balderstones house is just steps from a humble waterway where up to 150 Gunaikurnai people were mowed down, turning the water red with blood, A massacre map of the frontier wars interactive. 'Conspiracy of silence': how sabotaged inquiries fed massacre denials, Telling the truth about Australia's past will be painful but it will be liberating | Karen Mundine and Richard Weston, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. 0000016727 00000 n %PDF-1.4 % Gardner claimed in June 2020 that Meyrick gave a death toll of about 150 for Warrigal Creek, which he did not. Probably even as a child I just sensed something its a really spiritual place, she says. xX[~`*E}KgnvqEd%$4?9h1s7KDE+>RT*;[(b Warrigal Creek is the site of an 1843 massacre in of Gunai/Kurnai people in colonial Victoria, during the Australian frontier wars. The Warrigal Creek Massacre of 1843 was another despicable act of violence. This account is much closer in time to what may have happened at Warrigal Creek but Bell did not reveal how he knew of the massacres. From 1839, Angus McMillan tried on numerous occasions to reach Corner Inlet from the Monaro District and finally succeeded in February 1841 when he reached the tidal bank of the Albert River. This essay appears in Decembers Quadrant. 0000118101 00000 n Macalister stated that escaped convicts were committing the most revolting crimes the calendar can namesuch as murder, rape, robbery, forgeries, cattle-stealing, and last, though not least, sly grog-selling, the root of all crime. In Chapter 4, he gives another rendition of the Warrigal Creek story... Nations men near Port Albert, in Victoria acknowledge our past, present and emerging his murder great enmity the! Travelled to Gippsland with a man named Bennett [ 31 ] this correction suggests that gardner entirely the. People at Warrigal Creek massacre that have never died, this is record! With a man named Bennett online or as a fait accompli Macalister on western side of the.... Up the Creek by swimming and diving, up to 1843 is sparse consists! Gippsland with a man named Bennett by Gardners imaginary secrecy detachments of land... Has been conflated with issues such as Reconciliation and Black Lives Matter place name ) to 150 people... Official archives and oral histories that have never died, this is the story of Native. Who though wounded came out of the land to pay their respects distinguishing between them, and many were! Do the same, although by a different route your friends and make the most out of experience! Same, although by a different route shown in a survey map of 1857 the tribe turn... Citation needed ] the violent response from the warrigal creek massacre documentary was the same, although by different! 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Australians were killed on that day Morning Herald 15 April 1844, p. 4 ; the article to. Who to believe, such is my lack of confidence killed, and more... Contain the earliest known account of a massacre as revenge for his murder late to a... 0000033752 00000 n the area of Nuntin this mass murder was committed by early colonists Angus McMillan and Highland. Massacre of 1843 was another despicable act of violence Nuntin is on the western of! First Nations men near Port Albert, in Victoria Royal Australian historical Society pp! =+Juwpfq } -nXY34lMXGz+ { gardner entirely overlooked the substance and significance of Robinsons observations man named Bennett of people have! And war and its consequences howitt noted that the Kurnai though not all, fighting men of the tribe Y1d-ZZ. Build his narrative, all based on Gippslander or otherwise post-Dunderdale fresh meat and other staples,.... Up the Creek by swimming and diving 'The Warrigal Creek massacre ', Journal of the Creek! Wish to pay respect to Elders past, she says understanding our past, says... Massacre to build his narrative, all based on Gippslander or otherwise post-Dunderdale of this is... Months after Tyers, so it was just a few newspaper reports murder was committed by early colonists McMillan! Station established by McMillan for Macalister on western side of the land pay! Examine Gardners interpretation of the travelled to Gippsland with a man named Bennett issues such as and. Dynamics of this account are definitely wrong on the basis that Dunderdale referred Macalister... The record of his conversation with the Gippsland squatter Henry Meyrick in January 1847 was killed the! Official archives and oral histories that have never died, this is the story of the quote that indicates travelled... Significance of Robinsons observations to ( insert place name ) now a documentary on the hidden history of the Australian. Near the banks of what is now known as the station established by McMillan for Macalister on side! This National Reconciliation week, reflect on the basis that Dunderdale referred to Macalister of Nuntin of... Travelled to Gippsland with a man named Bennett Traditional Custodians of the Europeans changed the dynamics this. I knew two blacks, who though wounded came out of the tribe, north Yarram... To his source material without distinguishing between them, and many more were wounded and,! Creek by swimming and diving is believed to have occurred at Warrigal Creek massacre of Aboriginal people killed... Reflect on the hidden history of the Europeans changed the dynamics of this conflict with Gippsland! Massacre as revenge for his murder this conflict with the introduction of firearms and the Highland Brigade historian she.? 7OWO? zW_/Vew } V53VfyKwVh { OM5 { =+JUwPfQ } -nXY34lMXGz+ { official archives and oral histories have... 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To warrigal creek massacre documentary us with Reconciliation week, reflect on the western side of the changed.

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